Interior Design Glossary

A

Accent Lighting: Lighting used to highlight a specific area or object in a room, like artwork.

Acrylic: A durable, synthetic material often used in furniture or decor for its clarity and lightweight qualities.

Ambient Lighting: General, soft lighting that illuminates a room without focusing on specific areas.

Analogous Colors: Colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel, often used to create harmonious designs.

Antique: A piece of furniture or decor that is at least 100 years old, prized for its history and craftsmanship.

B

Balance: The equal distribution of visual weight in a room, either symmetrically or asymmetrically.

Bay Window: A large window that projects outward from the wall, often creating extra seating or space.

Beadboard: Vertical wooden panels, commonly used in cottage-style or traditional designs, for walls or ceilings.

Biophilic Design: A design approach that incorporates natural elements like plants and water to promote well-being.

Bohemian: An eclectic style characterized by vibrant colors, global patterns, and an informal, collected feel.

C

Cohesion: The sense that all elements in a room work together harmoniously.

Color Temperature: The warmth or coolness of light, measured in Kelvins, affecting the mood of a space.

Console Table: A narrow table placed against a wall or behind a sofa, often used for decorative display.

Crown Molding: Decorative trim installed where walls meet the ceiling, often used in traditional and formal spaces.

Curated: The careful selection and arrangement of objects or furniture to create a thoughtful design.

D

Daylighting: The practice of using natural light to illuminate interior spaces, often through large windows or skylights.

Direct Lighting: Lighting that shines directly onto an object or area, often used for task lighting.

Distressed: A furniture or decor finish that is purposely aged or weathered to create a worn, vintage appearance.

Drapery: Fabric window treatments that hang in soft folds, often used for light control and decoration.

Dual Functionality: Furniture or decor designed to serve more than one purpose, such as a sofa bed.

E

Eclectic: A design style that mixes elements from various periods, styles, and influences.

Ergonomics: The study of designing spaces and furniture for comfort, functionality, and ease of use.

Etagere: An open-shelving unit used to display decorative objects, often made of wood or metal.

Exposed Beam: Ceiling beams left visible for decorative purposes, often seen in rustic or industrial designs.

Elevation: A vertical design drawing that shows the side of a building or room, including walls and structural details.

F

Faux Finish: A decorative painting technique used to mimic the look of materials like marble, wood, or stone.

Feng Shui: The ancient Chinese practice of arranging spaces to balance energies and promote harmony.

Flat Weave: A rug or carpet made without a pile, known for its durability and clean lines.

Fluting: Decorative vertical grooves often used in columns, furniture, or moldings.

Footprint: The total area that a piece of furniture occupies on the floor.

G

Gallery Wall: A curated arrangement of photos, artwork, or other wall decor, often hung in a grid or asymmetrical layout.

Glam: A luxurious design style characterized by metallic accents, rich fabrics, and bold patterns.

Grommet: A circular metal or plastic ring in fabric (such as curtains) that allows it to be hung easily.

Grid Layout: A structured, linear arrangement of design elements, often used in room planning.

Green Design: A sustainable approach to design that focuses on environmentally friendly materials and practices.

H

Harmony: The sense of visual agreement among elements in a design, creating a cohesive look.

Hardwood: Durable wood from deciduous trees, often used in flooring and furniture.

Herringbone: A zigzag pattern typically used in flooring, textiles, or tile design.

High-Contrast: A design technique that emphasizes stark differences between light and dark colors.

Hue: The specific color or shade that is part of the overall color wheel.

I

Inlay: A decorative technique where contrasting materials (such as wood or stone) are set into a surface to create patterns.

Island: A freestanding counter or cabinet in a kitchen, often used for food prep and additional storage.

Industrial: A design style inspired by warehouses and factories, featuring raw materials like exposed brick, metal, and concrete.

Illumination: The overall lighting within a space, essential for setting the tone and functionality of a room.

J

Jacquard: A type of fabric with intricate, woven patterns, often used in upholstery or drapery.

Jamb: The side post or surface of a door or window frame.

Japandi: A fusion of Japanese and Scandinavian styles, characterized by minimalism, natural materials, and functional elegance.

Jute: A natural fiber often used in rugs and textiles, known for its durability and rustic texture.

K

Kilim: A flat-woven rug, typically featuring geometric patterns, originating from the Middle East.

Knolling: The process of arranging related objects in parallel or at 90-degree angles as a method of organization.

Knurling: A decorative texture often found on metal objects, such as handles, achieved by pressing a pattern into the surface.

Kitchenette: A small kitchen area, typically found in compact living spaces, featuring essential appliances and minimal workspace.

L

Laminate: A durable, synthetic surface material often used in countertops and floors, designed to mimic natural materials.

Layering: The technique of combining various textures, colors, and patterns to add depth and complexity to a room.

Lighting Plan: A blueprint for placing lighting fixtures throughout a space to ensure proper illumination and ambiance.

Louis XVI Style: A French design style from the late 18th century, known for its refined, classical lines and ornate details.

Louver: A window or shutter with angled slats that allow light and air to pass through while providing privacy.

M

Marquetry: An intricate decorative design made from inlaid wood, often seen on furniture and flooring.

Millwork: Custom woodwork, such as molding, trim, or cabinetry, often used to add architectural interest to a space.

Mood Board: A collection of images, colors, materials, and textures used to inspire and guide a design project.

Motif: A recurring decorative element or theme used to create visual continuity in a space.

Murano Glass: Hand-blown glass from Murano, Italy, known for its vibrant colors and intricate designs, often used in lighting and decor.

N

Nesting Tables: A set of tables that fit inside one another, saving space when not in use.

Neutral Colors: A palette of soft, muted tones like beige, gray, and white, often used as a backdrop for other design elements.

Niche: A recessed area in a wall, used for displaying objects or as a functional storage space.

Nod to Nature: Incorporating elements of nature into design, such as plants, natural wood, or stone.

O

Open Floor Plan: A layout that removes barriers like walls between spaces, often used in modern and contemporary design.

Ottoman: A low, upholstered piece of furniture used as a footrest or additional seating.

Overdyed: A technique where a rug or textile is dyed with an additional color, creating a rich, vibrant finish.

Organic Design: A style that emphasizes natural, flowing forms and materials, often inspired by nature.

P

Pattern Repeat: The point at which a fabric or wallpaper design begins to repeat, affecting how it is cut and applied.

Pendant Light: A light fixture that hangs from the ceiling, often used for task lighting over tables or counters.

Pillow Sham: A decorative pillow covering that adds texture or color to bedding.

Pilaster: A decorative architectural element that resembles a column but is attached to a wall.

Q

Quatrefoil: A decorative motif featuring four overlapping circles, often used in gothic or medieval design.

Queen Anne Style: A design style from the early 18th century known for its curved lines and elegant, ornate details.

Quartz: A durable, engineered stone often used for countertops due to its strength and low maintenance.

Quoins: Decorative stone or brickwork used to accentuate the corners of a building.

R

Recessed Lighting: Lighting fixtures installed into the ceiling, providing a clean, streamlined look without visible hardware.

Retro: A style that draws inspiration from past decades, particularly the 1950s to 1970s, often characterized by bold colors and playful patterns.

Rococo: An 18th-century design style featuring elaborate ornamentation, curved lines, and a light, whimsical aesthetic.

Rug Pad: A non-slip material placed under a rug to prevent sliding and provide extra cushioning.

S

Scale: The relative size of objects in a space, crucial for achieving balance and harmony.

Sectional Sofa: A large sofa composed of separate sections that can be arranged to fit a room’s layout.

Shiplap: Overlapping wooden planks used on walls, often found in rustic or coastal designs.

Symmetry: The balanced arrangement of elements in a room, creating visual stability.

Statement Piece: A bold or unique object, like furniture or art, that serves as the focal point in a room.

T

Textiles: Fabrics used in a design, such as curtains, upholstery, and rugs, that add softness and warmth to a space.

Texture: The perceived or actual surface quality of a material, such as smooth, rough, or soft, adding visual depth and interest.

Track Lighting: A system where multiple light fixtures are mounted along a track, offering adjustable illumination.

Transitional: A design style blending traditional and modern elements for a balanced, timeless look.

Trim: Decorative molding along the edges of walls, windows, or doors that adds a finished appearance to a space.

U

Upholstery: The fabric, padding, and springs used to cover furniture, providing both comfort and aesthetic appeal.

Underlayment: A material placed under flooring to provide support, soundproofing, and insulation.

Undermount Sink: A sink installed beneath the countertop, offering a seamless look and easy cleanup.

Urban: A design style influenced by city living, characterized by industrial materials like concrete, metal, and exposed brick.

V

Valance: A short curtain or drapery hung across the top of a window, often used for decorative purposes.

Veneer: A thin layer of wood or other material applied to a surface to give it the appearance of solid wood or another finish.

Vintage: A style that incorporates older or antique items, often with a nostalgic, timeless appeal.

Visual Weight: The perceived heaviness or lightness of an object based on its size, color, and material, important for achieving balance.

W

Wainscoting: Decorative wood paneling that covers the lower part of a wall, often used in traditional interiors.

Walk-in Closet: A large, separate room for storing clothing, shoes, and accessories.

Wallpaper: A decorative paper applied to walls in place of paint, available in a wide range of patterns and textures.

Warm Colors: Hues like red, orange, and yellow, known for creating a cozy, inviting atmosphere.

Window Treatment: Any covering for windows, such as curtains, blinds, or shutters, used for both decorative and functional purposes.

X

X-Base: A furniture base where the supports cross in an “X” shape, often found in tables and stools.

Y

Yin and Yang: A design concept based on the balance of opposites, often applied through the use of contrasting colors, textures, or elements.

Yellowing: The discoloration that occurs when light-colored materials age or are exposed to sunlight over time.

Z

Zen: A minimalist design style that emphasizes simplicity, tranquility, and the use of natural materials.

Zoning: Dividing a space into functional areas using furniture placement, rugs, or other design elements.